The International Monetary Fund and World Bank Annotated Bibliography

The International Monetary Fund and World Bank - Annotated Bibliography Example IMF has laid techniques and endeavors to advance sound macroeconomic approaches, deliberate modification, and market-situated changes are fundamental to diminish neediness and salary disparity in those nations under the IMF programs. As per the Eurodad report, the association is giving expanding consideration to the quality, not simply the amount, of its change programs. These claims raised by the IMF are of principal nature however I can't help contradicting the activity dependent on the accompanying notions. For this situation, the IMF doesn't give new directions to change the sum the part should move so the sum will be as per the new trade rates comparable to the advances offered through World Bank. Article IV of the IMF has given a contradiction support in regards to the movement that the IMF and World Bank ought not keep appending severe conditions on how their advance cash is utilized and what other financial changes must happen before the credits are affirmed. The help depends on the macroeconomic standpoint and the danger of economy universally. With the recuperation of extraordinary local interest in New Zealand by mid-2010, the IMF related to the World Bank ought to get rid of the severe thoughts laid on the advances offered to the customers. Such sudden happenings that were knowledgeable about New Zealand ought to be made arrangements for when the IMF is giving out assets through the World Bank. For example, the IMF executive had reported an immediate increment on the subsidizing ventures in New Zealand by 15%, an express that couldn't have been actualized in the underlying age while executing the normalized an incentive on the financing of the seismic tremor casualties in New Zealand.

Shooting an Elephant Essay Example For Students

Shooting an Elephant Essay Shooting An Elephant The elegantly composed account exposition of George Orwell (shooting An Elephant) and Salvation of Langston Hughes, managing their biography and experience show the arrangement of characteristics that make each creator particular. In any case, the creators utilized a specific method to portray their story making them alive. So this specific path utilized by every one of them let make a basic examination and differentiation investigation identified with each creator character. Langston Hughes toward Salvation utilized an unexpected tone to portray his story. A few articulations demonstrated the shrouded approach to state and express musings like â€Å"bring the youthful sheep to the fold† express the change of youngsters to Jesus. Lingston Hughes convictions depend on genuine and substantial things, he doesn’t accept without seeing thing, encountering them. He waited for long an ideal opportunity for Jesus to appear to him, converse with him as we speak with one another. Despite the fact that he previously heard incredible numerous elderly individuals state Jesus came into their life, he didn't accept until it experience that. Lingston was reasonable to the proclaiming, he listen cautiously and investigate. He don’t do things since everyone is doing that he will be persuaded before doing it. Numerous individuals stooped on the grievers seat accepting that Jesus appeared to them however Lingstone continued hanging tight for his turn. At a first second he don’t let himself impact by whatever occurs yet when he completes to encompass, he felt embarrassed to consider himself to be a special case among a network. He can hold everything up so long. Despite the fact that he didn't accept he obliges the group, the best approach to don't consider yourself to be a special case. He concur with a network however he do lament for his shortcoming to acknowledge things, to be automatic persuade, impact by the dominant part individuals without being convince. George Orwell in Shooting An Elephant then again express his musings Clearly in cruel manner. The way that he was detest by quantities of individuals has not been an explanation behind him to surrender everything in his life. He attempts to separate himself by specific and things or acts. His reaction to anything depended on individuals impact. Orwell is a sort of inquisitive individual, he needs to investigate things and go toward things as opposed to pausing. At the point when the sub-controller rang him up saying that an elephant was desolating the bazaar. He was interested to perceive what was occurring. He do need to act since individuals need his assistance, their expectation he could safe them despite the fact that he didn't know of what he could do. This expectation became as an objective he should accomplish: shooting an Elephant. He didn't put stock in himself, yet he realized that he got a to it . Orwell Glanced around at the group that had tailed him, he dislike by individuals however he want to press to act. He sets aside an effort for Orwell to choose, yet he never surrender. He ensure constantly to don't miss his aim. He recover mental fortitude by getting a group around him, it a sort of his inspiration. He was not apprehensive in the normal sense. He shoot the elephant as the group was hanging tight for him to oblige. Orwell felt terrible in the wake of shooting the elephant and couldn't stand any more, he lament his demonstration, he was unable to accept he will have the option to execute even a butterfly yet he killed a gigantic elephant. He was unable to see him biting the dust. Orwell took pleased after on the grounds that he accomplish the objective, he made it and he is so glad. .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc , .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc .postImageUrl , .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc , .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc:hover , .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc:visited , .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc:active { border:0!important; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc:active , .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc:hover { mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e 24b595b09c068fc .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ufbf904c26be391b3e24b595b09c068fc:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Seville EssayEach writers has a specific emotions that permit them to lament whatever they do, they oblige things, concur automatic and acknowledge to carry on as individuals anticipate that them should act. They don’t need to consider themselves to be a special case throughout everyday life. This lament can be taking care of with when by others yet there are the individuals who always remember and consistently recall what they did so terrible. Mental fortitude, assurance was a fundamental character of these creators. With a specific goal in mind every one of them was choose to accomplish any objective despite the fact that they have been affected they do attempt and that was the best of their story.

CONTEMPORARY VISUAL CULTURE MAJOR ESSAY Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

CONTEMPORARY VISUAL CULTURE MAJOR - Essay Example 46-57). Kjell (1999, pp. 115-128) and Pointon (1994, pp. 25-33) express that these works are just an impression of the society’s see by examining how the ladies depicted in film identify with the more extensive recorded setting, the generalizations delineated, the degree to which the ladies are appeared as dynamic or latent creatures and the measure of screen time given to them. The early works of Marjorie Rosen and Molly Haskell on portrayal of ladies in film was a piece of a development to make delineations of ladies progressively sensible both in narratives and account film. As indicated by Armstrong and Catherine (2006, pp. 23-34), the developing female nearness in the film business was viewed as a positive advance towards acknowledgment of this objective by causing to notice women's activist issues and advancing other options and all the more consistent with life perspectives on ladies. Be that as it may, these pictures are still thought by similar factors in the custom film, for example, moving camera, piece, altering, lighting and all assortments of sound (Barnet 1993, pp. 45-51; Pointon 1994, pp. 25-33). It is essential to recognize the benefit of embeddings positive portrayal of ladies in film however genuine change would just be acknowledged by thinking about the job of film in the public eye from the semiotic perspective. It is imperative to comprehend the job of ladies as characterized by the male look is fundamental to understanding the situation of ladies in the public eye (Armstrong and Catherine 2006, pp. 23-34). A woman’s position in social definition is characterized by her outward indication and along these lines an individual is recognized first by their sexual orientation (Kjell 1999, pp. 115-128). The film is a significant type of visual mainstream society and it is related with visual portrayals and the look (Barnet 1993, pp. 45-51). In film, the look is essentially the viewpoint of the camera (Kjell 1999, pp. 115-128). The look can be utilized as an amazing talk in light of the fact that the viewpoint of the camera cultivates recognizable proof with the crowd. Armstrong and Catherine

Security Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Security Planning - Essay Example In this undertaking, consideration must be given to the arrangement of gas veils to the general population and the inadequacies in handling psychological militant assaults, common disasters and crises must be found out. What's more, it is basic to appraise the degree of wellbeing appreciated by residents, governments, networks, organizations and frameworks of data innovations with regards to such assaults, cataclysms and crises. The savvy idea of readiness in regard of questionable and eccentric has additionally to be evaluated (Department Of Homeland Security Centers). Another essential perspective to be considered is that of counteraction and discouragement, and the measures that must be received as to fear based oppressor assaults and regular catastrophes. There must be a considerable improvement in cautiousness, insight gathering and situational mindfulness. The business as usual of psychological militant dangers requires fundamentally various types of avoidance and discouragement. This can be accomplished by depending on a cautious examination of fear based oppressor occasions. Such examination requires a total comprehension of the high result occasions and their one of a kind qualities, particularly when weapons of mass demolition are included (Department Of Homeland Security Centers). Dynamic is a v... In addition, it is basic to fall back on displaying and reenactment with the goal that a guess can be acquired in regard of the real episode to be experienced. An all around planned model can end up being tremendously helpful in countering psychological militant and different dangers (Department Of Homeland Security Centers). So as to react to significant crises, systems must be set up, which every so often work past the customary methods for correspondences. The people's interest in placating significant country security emergencies and the constitution of informal organizations are essential for countering significant crises. Development of brief or occasion - based systems are better prepared to deal with such occasions. Danger, monetary, transportation and other demonstrating tasks ought to be practiced as they bring about a comprehension of the circumstances and end results of crises. In addition, they are useful in recognizing and receiving appropriate activity during emergencies (Department Of Homeland Security Centers). Of these angles dynamic is the most significant and in the event that a misstep is submitted, while taking a choice, at that point the results can be deplorable. Further, the harm caused can be a lot higher if an off-base choice is taken. 2. Government at the bureaucratic, state, and nearby level should effectively team up and band together with the private division, which controls 85 percent of America's foundation . . . the country's foundation insurance exertion must bridle the abilities of the private area to accomplish a judicious degree of security without preventing profitability, exchange, or financial development. - The President's National Strategy for Homeland Security. The government has the ability to sort out, gather, and arrange extensively across administrative

The Behaviour of Employees in an Organization

Question: Compose article on The Behavior of Employees in an Organization. Answer: Presentation In the contemporary situation, organizations are progressively concentrating towards upgrading consumer loyalty and improving the degree of benefit. Explicitly referencing, so as to achieve such targets, associations have coordinated their consideration towards encouraging the advancement of representatives to such an extent that they are fit for achieving their own just as expert objectives. In such manner, it merits referencing that an evaluation of the people dependent on their conduct with respect to work environment setting is known as hierarchical conduct (Schein, 2006). As it were, hierarchical conduct can be viewed as the investigation of people just as gathering elements in relationship with the authoritative setting. Correspondingly, it must be noticed a comprehension of the hierarchical conduct is fundamental towards authoritative accomplishment since individuals having a place with various social foundations are ascribed with having fluctuated social qualities who coopera te in a viable way (Robbins Judge, 2003). Consequently, by thinking about the instance of PC Solutions, this examination targets featuring the issues that are predominant in the association and make certain suggestions that can be critical for conquering such issues. In addition, the investigation would underline on featuring the different parts of authoritative culture, its qualities and shortcomings and would additionally clarify the parts of culture that require change. Showing models from the case situation, this exposition would additionally feature a few authoritative conduct hypotheses that can be viably executed in the association. At long last, before coming to an end result, the paper would exhibit a comprehension of the influential positions that must be required to oversee conduct of workers and guarantee that they can coordinate their intentions towards achievement of hierarchical objectives. Distinguishing proof of Organizational Issues and Recommendations With respect to the instance of PC Solutions, it tends to be obviously noticed that regardless of an expansion in the development of the association, there has been a noteworthy decrease corresponding to level of representative just as consumer loyalty. Thus, it must be noticed that various reasons can be featured concerning the issue looked by the organization. One of the most significant difficulties that can be noted as for overseeing authoritative conduct is the administrative change (Mills, et.al., 2006). It tends to be obviously noted from the case situation that there are four division administrators taking care of fluctuated departmental duties and working with a differing workforce with shifted hierarchical occupation jobs. In such manner, it merits referencing that workforce assorted variety can be viewed as one of the issues that is looked by the association towards dealing with its representatives (Hersey Blanchard, 1993). As representatives working in the association have a place with changed sexual orientation, ethnicity and race, they become heterogeneous in nature. Thus, it must be noticed that it is the prime duty of the chiefs to guarantee that the assorted variety existing among the workers is regarded and appropriate preparing is being given to them towards guaranteeing that they can regard the distinctions and center towards higher profitability. Furthermore, it must be noticed that overseeing working environment decent variety in a proper way would assume a key job in upgrading the presentation of the representatives and guarantee that there is an improvement in the dynamic procedures alongside improvement in group execution (Marques, et.al., 2016). Moreover, authoritative conduct can be fortified through overseeing working environment decent variety that would additionally empower giving better client benefits and conquer difficulties related with broken clash, group elements and corresponde nce. An expansion in the degree of innovativeness and development can be considered up 'til now another huge advantage fundamental administration of working environment assorted variety (Griffin Moorhead, 2011). Another significant issue confronting the association is the adjustment in desires for the workers. Thus, it must be noticed that change is considered as an unavoidable piece of human lives, which substantially affects the nature of lives of individuals. With an adjustment in work power elements, it is noticed that there is a huge change in the desires for the representatives. Consequently, there is a requirement for the chiefs to offer money related just as non-budgetary advantages to the workers towards improving development and profitability by persuading representatives to play out their activity jobs adequately (Kinicki, 2004). A portion of the inspiring variables that can be thought about are the components, for example, employer stability, rewards, appealing pay rates and worker strengthening that assume a basic job in reinforcing authoritative culture. This would additionally require utilizing majority rule type of authority abilities by the administrators that would guarante e the joining of the considerable number of workers in the dynamic procedure of the association (Brief Weiss, 2002). Guaranteeing an upgrade in the degree of efficiency and quality can be viewed up 'til now another noteworthy issue that is looked by the chiefs in the serious cutting edge situation. In such manner, there is a need to accentuate on the way that overseeing quality and efficiency of representatives can be made conceivable with the assistance of actualizing methods, for example, Total Quality Management (TQM) that would assume a significant job in guaranteeing that consumer loyalty is accomplished because of progress in hierarchical procedures. Incorporation of the workers in the dynamic procedure can additionally assume a significant job in improving the degree of hierarchical efficiency and quality alongside advancement of authoritative culture. A significant issue hidden hierarchical conduct that can be noted from the case is the administration of innovation and advancements (Adler Gundersen, 2007). In this, it must be noticed that absence of respectability among the offices can nega tively affect overseeing mechanical changes and usage of creative thoughts. It has been noticed that representatives related with the association oppose change attributable to the way that they can't work such new procedures. Henceforth, so as to improve the hierarchical conduct, it is the prime obligation of the supervisor to concentrate on giving the required relating to the representatives separated from keeping up a base degree of adaptability in the working environment. On a comparable note, animating representative imagination, boosting their confidence and making them open minded towards change can be fruitful in organizing authoritative conduct (Pinder, 2014). Notwithstanding the previously mentioned issues, another noteworthy issue that can be featured according to the expressed case can be ascribed with the ethic conduct among the workers. Leading the business in a moral way and regarding the various needs of the individuals towards taking part in social duty assumes a key job towards fortifying authoritative conduct. The issue hidden allotment of obligations can be considered so far another difficult that is looked by the association. As can be noted from the case situation, the supervisor of client support office has designated the group chiefs for taking care of different employment jobs; in any case, she has apportioned needs and deals with the arrangement relating to help administrations for all clients. This makes a negative effect on the representatives who face challenge of absence of acknowledgment and inspiration, which further makes impediment during the time spent organizing authoritative conduct. Giving the representatives w ork sufficient duty and responsibility can assume a significant job towards guaranteeing that the association can make positive authoritative conduct. Stress can be considered as another significant issue that can be featured corresponding to the case which proposes that the representatives face difficulties related with expanded measure of pressure and remaining burden, which fundamentally lessens their degree of fulfillment. Correspondingly, significant level of misconception and narrow mindedness against different societies is considered so far another significant issue confronting the association. In this, it must be noticed that there is a need to change the current authoritative culture by concentrating on giving inspiration and lower useless feelings of anxiety existing among the representatives towards guaranteeing that they a ready to make a parity in their own and expert lives. Explicitly referencing, arranging exercise projects and instructional courses with respect to au thoritative conduct can additionally assume a significant job in fortifying hierarchical culture (Bowditch, et.al., 2007). Worker issue can be considered as one of the most huge difficulties that are looked by the association. Overseeing workers in considered as holding most extreme noteworthiness and requires impressive measure of consideration on part of the administration. As can be noted from the case, workers related with the organization face challenge basic absence of fulfillment, which can be ascribed with character clashes and administrative issues. This further outcome being developed of correspondence holes among the workers and the administration, subsequently debilitating the association culture. What's more, group issues can be viewed as another critical issue that the association faces regarding overseeing representatives working in groups. For example, the case mirrors the circumstance of client administrations office, wherein, representatives are working in gathering. So as to guarantee most significant level of fulfillment, the aim of the representatives must be coordinated towards work ing upon a lot of explicit objectives. Individual separate and lac

Caffeine Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help

Caffeine Myths, Effects, Risks, and How to Get Help Brain Health Brain Food Print What to Know About Caffeine Use By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 10, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 22, 2019 Jenny Dettrick / Getty Images More in Brain Health Brain Food Mental Exercises Healthy Aging Caffeine  is currently the worlds most commonly used drug.?? It is present in many foods and drinks, which makes it is easy to forget that it is a drug. It is even an ingredient in beverages and foods that are marketed to children. While caffeine has some health benefits, it does have significant negative effects on the body and brain. Unlike many other psychoactive drugs, caffeine is legal and is one of the most widely used substances in the world. Also Known As: Because caffeine is legal, slang terms are generally not used when referring to it. Slang terms for coffee and tea, two of the most common naturally caffeinated beverages, include Joe and cuppa. Drug Class: Caffeine is classified as a stimulant. It increases activity in the central nervous system. Common Side Effects: Caffeine can increase energy levels and alertness, but side effects can include irritability, jitters, anxiety, rapid heart rate, and insomnia.?? How to Recognize Caffeine Caffeine is an alkaloid found in a wide variety of plants include coffee beans, tea leaves, and cocoa beans.  It is found both naturally and as an additive in many food and drink items including coffee, tea, chocolate, and soft drinks. On its own, caffeine has no flavor and does not have any nutritional value. Note that while FDA regulations stipulate products containing added caffeine must be labeled, labeling is not required for food and beverages that naturally contain the stimulant. Since many products do not specify how much caffeine they contain, it can be difficult to know how much caffeine you are consuming.   What Does Caffeine Do? Because caffeine acts as a central nervous stimulant, people usually take it to feel more alert and energetic. Caffeine can improve mood and help people feel more productive. It is believed to work by blocking the neurotransmitter adenosines receptors, increasing excitability in the brain. What the Experts Say Research has shown that caffeine can have both positive and negative effects on health. It can improve mental performanceâ€"up to a point. In a study published in 2012, caffeine was shown to improve performance on a range of different tasks, including vigilance, response times, information processing, and someâ€"but not allâ€"proofreading tasks.?? But its no shortcut to improving your performance. When comparisons are made between people whose daily intake of caffeine is low (up to 100 mg caffeine per day) and those who regularly consume a lot of caffeine (more than 300 mg caffeine per day), the improvements are quite small and dont get better with more caffeine. While people who use a lot of caffeine every day do show improved performance with more caffeine, it may be that they are simply counteracting the effects of caffeine dependenceâ€"so by taking more caffeine, they are getting closer to what their performance would be if they werent addicted to caffeine in the first place. Caffeine might improve reaction times, but expectations may also play a role. According to a review published in 2010, caffeine improves vigilance and reaction times.?? Another study published in 2009 explored the subtleties of how this works and found that at least some of the time, this is an expectancy effect.?? Expectancy effects play a significant role in the effects that drugs have on peoples perceptions and behaviors. Peoples expectancies of how caffeine will affect their performanceâ€"in particular, if they think it will impair their performanceâ€"seems to underlie some of these improvements. In other words, if people think consuming caffeine will make their performance worse, they try harder and compensate for the expected effects of caffeine. At recommended doses, caffeine can have a beneficial effect on mood. Caffeine influences neurotransmitters that play a role in mood and mental performance including norepinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine. Research published in 2013 found that drinking two to three cups of caffeinated coffee each day was linked to a lower risk of suicide.?? Recommendations While the FDA and other health groups have recommended limits for caffeine consumption for adults, they have not established a safe level for children. The American Academy of Pediatrics discourages caffeine use by children and adolescents.  The American Pregnancy Association recommends that pregnant women limit their caffeine intake to less than 200 mg per day. Off-Label Uses Caffeine is sometimes prescribed or used off-label to improve mental alertness in patients experiencing fatigue or drowsiness. Caffeine citrate is also used as a short-term treatment for breathing problems in premature infants.?? Common Side Effects Caffeine can improve alertness, but it can also lead to a number of unpleasant side effects, including:?? Restlessness  Nervousness  Excitement  Insomnia  Flushed FaceExcessive urinationGastrointestinal disturbances  Muscle twitchingRambling speechTachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia  Periods of inexhaustibility  Difficulty relaxing Caffeine can also affect: Mood: While people often use caffeine to improve mood, excessive caffeine consumption can increase anxiety.?? Heart Rate: Caffeine speeds up the heart rate, with significant effects occurring after consuming 360 mg, the equivalent of about three and a half cups of brewed coffee. In higher doses, caffeine can cause more significant effects on the heart by changing the speed and regularity of your heartbeat. This is known as tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia and can be serious.?? If you think your heartbeat is abnormal, check with your doctor. Blood Pressure: Caffeine consumption may raise blood pressure. This effect of caffeine, known as the pressor effect, is evident across age and gender groups, and is particularly pronounced in people with hypertension (high blood pressure). If you are unsure of whether this applies to you, ask your doctor about your blood pressure and get their advice on moderating your caffeine intake accordingly. When caffeine is consumed in large quantities, the  side effects  can range from unpleasant to severe, sometimes even resulting in  caffeine overdose.?? Caffeine can also pose dangers when taken with other substances including alcohol.?? Caffeine use can result in excessive alcohol consumption since the stimulant effects of caffeine mask the depressant effects of alcohol. Signs of Use Since it is not an illicit drug, people rarely try to disguise their caffeine consumption. There are signs that someone might be overusing caffeine, including: Symptoms such as jitteriness, insomnia, nausea, tremors, and heart palpitationsChanges in mood including agitation or depressionExcessive consumption of caffeinated beverages Caffeine overdose can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, confusion, hallucinations, convulsions, and trouble breathing. If someone is experiencing these symptoms, contact emergency services immediately. Myths and Common Questions Some people think caffeine improves their memory, although according to a review published in 2015, the research evidence for this is mixed, although a number of studies found improved memory was associated with using energy drinks.?? People also often wonder if excess caffeine consumption might contribute to heart problems. While caffeine use does have short-term effects on heart rate, it is unclear whether larger intakes increase the risk of cardiovascular problems in the longer term. According to a 2017 review, several studies have indicated no increased risk for cardiovascular problems in either men or women related to caffeine intake, but caffeine may be problematic for people with high blood pressure.?? However, if you have any type of heart disease, you should speak with your doctor before consuming any caffeinated foods and beverages. A common myth is that caffeine use can cause infertility. A study published in 2017 suggests that there is no link between consuming low amounts of caffeine (around 200 mg per day or less) and fertility problems.?? Another common question is whether caffeine pills and other high-dose products are different from food and beverages containing caffeine. Products that contain high concentrations of caffeine such as pills and powders, while not chemically different from other forms of the stimulant, do pose additional dangers. Because these products are so concentrated, the difference between a safe and toxic dose is difficult to measure, which increases the risk of accidental overdose and negative side effects such as seizures.?? Tolerance, Dependence, and Withdrawal Repeated consumption of caffeine can lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal. Tolerance takes place when you must consume larger or more frequent doses in order to have the same effects. Dependence involves needing to keep taking the substance in order to ward off unpleasant withdrawal effects. How Long Does Caffeine Stay in Your System? Caffeine reaches peak levels in the body about an hour after consumption but you may continue to feel these stimulating effects for up to six hours. Addiction While using caffeine can lead to becoming physically or psychologically dependent on it, it does not have strong enough of an effect on the brains reward system to result in a true addiction. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) defines addiction as the chronic, uncontrollable use of a substance despite negative consequences.?? However, people often casually refer to their love of coffee and other caffeine-containing beverages as an addiction. Caffeine Intoxication While caffeine is not considered addictive, caffeine intoxication is recognized as a disorder in the DSM-5. Caffeine intoxication is defined as the consumption of more than 250 mg of caffeine followed by at least five symptoms that can include restlessness, excitement, insomnia, diuresis, stomach upset, tachycardia, and psychomotor agitation. These symptoms must result in significant distress and impairment in functioning and must not be due to another medical condition. How Caffeine Addiction Can Affect Your Health Withdrawal People often continue to use caffeine as a way to reduce any negative symptoms of caffeine withdrawal that they might experience. The short-term benefit you may get from caffeine can be offset by increased anxiety while you are under the influence of caffeine, and when the effects wear off, withdrawal symptoms may worsen the very mental processes you are hoping to improve. Caffeine withdrawal usually begins within 12 to 24 hours after consuming the last dose. It can lead to a number of unpleasant withdrawal effects including:?? HeadachesLack of energyTremorsIrritabilityAnxietyFatigue and drowsinessProblems concentratingLow mood Withdrawal symptoms can range from mild to more severe depending on how much caffeine you are used to consuming. These unpleasant effects usually begin to subside within two or three days. What to Expect From Caffeine Withdrawal How to Get Help If you use a lot of caffeineâ€"drinking the equivalent of more than three cups of tea or coffee per dayâ€"it may be negatively affecting your health, so lowering your intake is worth considering. The best approach is to gradually taper your caffeine consumption. Doing this lowers your dependence gradually while minimizing the negative effects of withdrawal. It is important to be aware of all of the different sources of your intake, including foods, energy drinks, caffeine, tea, and soft drinks. Try eliminating these sources progressively by replacing them with lower-caffeine or caffeine-free alternatives. Talk to your doctor if you are concerned about your caffeine use, or contact SAMSHA at 1-800-662-4357 to find mental health services in your area.

The Separate Legal Personalty and Piercing the Corporate Veil - Free Essay Example

BUSINESS LAW Types of Businesses A business refers to an organisation involved in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Sole proprietorship is owned by one person and operates for profit. The individual has day-to-day responsibility for running the business however they can choose to operate singly or employ other people. The business is considered to be part of the individual and not a separate entity. As a sole proprietor, all responsibility, debts and liability are assumed by the owner. Therefore, it can be said that all assets of the business belong to the owner. A partnership is an entity with two or more individuals who share ownership of a single business. The partners should consult and have a legal agreement that sets out how profits will be shared, how partners can be bought out and what are the steps that will be taken to dissolve the partnership if needed. Time and capital must also be decided on. Each partner has unlimited liability for the risks, debts and actions the business incurs . Corporations are considered a unique entity, which is separate and apart from its owners. They are treated as individuals under the law. A corporation can be sued, it can be taxed and it can enter into contractual agreements. The owners of a corporation are referred to as shareholders. If ownership changes the corporation does not dissolve thus it has a life of its own. A corporation simply provides a way for individuals to run a business and to share in both profits and losses. Separate Personality A separate personality of a company means that the corporation is independent and distinct from the people who own or invest in them. In the case,Salomon V Salomon Co. (1897), Salomon conducted his business as a soletrader. Hesold it to a company incorporated for the purpose called A Salomon co ltd.The only members were Mr. Salomon, his wife and their five children. They shared the shares among themselves. Mr.Salomon loan moneys to the business. When the company failed the company liquidator contended that Mr. Salomon loan should not be honoured and that Salomon should be held responsible for thecompanyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢sdebts. Lord Halsbury LC stated that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“it seems to me impossible to dispute that once the company is legally incorporated it must be treated like any other independent person with its rights and liabilities appropriate to itself, and that the motives of those who took part in the promotion of the company are absolutely irrelevant in discussing what those rights and liabilities are.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  From this case comes the fundamental concept thata company has a legal personality or identity separate from its members. Members have no interest in a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢sproperty. Inthe caseMacaurav NorthernAssuranceCompany Limited (1925), M bought insurance for his timber estate while he was a sole trader. M later converted his business into a limited company butdid not make another insurance contract. A fire broke out in his timber estate. The insurance company refused Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim for compensation. It was held that the insurance was correct not to honour. The house of Lordsheldthat in order to have an insurable interest in property a person must have a legal or equitable interest in that property, Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claims because M and his company were separate legalentities. Theloss of the timber wasthe companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s lossnot Mà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s loss. Lifting the Corporate Veil The corporate veil is the concept that separates the personality of a corporation from the personalities if its shareholders. It protects them from being personally liable for the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s debts and also other obligations. However, this protection is not impenetrable. Lifting this corporate veil is when the court disregards the corporate personality and look behind the real person who is in control of said company. The court comes to the conclusion that a companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business was not or isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t being conducted in accordance with the provision of corporate legislation. Under the legal concept of piercing the veil, the court may hold the shareholders of the company personally liable for the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s obligations. Grounds under Which the Veil Is Lifted The corporate veil can be lifted in many cases. It can be lifted in the case of: Fraud/Improper conduct The courts will pierce the corporate veil when it feels that the company is being used to hide or conceal the identity of the perpetrator of fraud. In the case Gilford Motor Company Ltd v. Horne (1933), Mr. Horne was an ex-employee of the Gilford motor company and his employment contract provided that he could not solicit the customers of the company. In order to defeat this he incorporated a limited company in his wifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name and solicited the customers of the company. The company brought an action against him. The Court of Appeal was of the view that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the company was formed as a device, a stratagem, in order to mask the effective carrying on of business of Mr. Horneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in this case it was clear that the main purpose of incorporating the new company was to penetrate fraud. Thus the Court of Appeal regarded this case as a mere sham to cloak his wrongdoings. Tax evasion The court has the power to disregard corporate entity if it is used for tax evasion purposes. Once the company conducts in schemes of tax avoidance without any necessary legislative authority the veil will be lifted. Protecting public policy This occurs when there is a conflict between incorporated companies not adhering to public laws. Courts may pierce the corporate veil to protect policies of the public and also to help prevent transactions that may occur contrary to public policy. Avoidance of legal obligations This is where the incorporated company is made and used to avoid any legal obligation(s). The court may disregard the legal personality of this incorporation and assume that no company really existed. Enemy character In times of war, the court will be prepared to pierce the veil of the company to determine the nature of the shareholding. A company can be assumed as an enemy character when persons in control of its affairs are residents in an enemy country. In a case stated above the court may examine the character of the persons in real control of the company and then declare it to be an enemy company. In the case Daimler Co. Ltd v Continental Tyre and Rubber Co. Ltd, a company was incorporated in England for the mere person of selling in England. This company sold tyres which were made in Germany by a German company which held the bulk of shares in the English company. The holders of the shares remaining, with the exception of one, and all the directors were Germans who resided in Germany. During World War 1, the English company commenced action for recovery of a trade debt. It was held that the company was an alien company and the payment of debt to it would amount to trading with the enem y. Therefore, the company was not allowed to proceed with this current action. 1

The Theory And Magic Bullet Theory - 767 Words

To begin with, throughout the semester in Mass Communication Theory and Research we’ve discussed various research theories; however, the two theories that interest me were the agenda setting theory and magic bullet theory. I choose these two theories specifically because they both focused on how the media is the core and how it can immensely affect audience’s perception and behavior towards the media. First, The Agenda Setting Function of the Mass Media, it was first put forth by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw in 1972 in Public Opinion Quarterly. They originally suggested that the media sets the public agenda, in the sense that they may not exactly tell you what to think, but they may tell you what to think about. In their first article where they brought this theory to light their abstract states: â€Å"In choosing and displaying news, editors, newsroom staff, and broadcasters play an important part in shaping political reality. Readers learn not only about a given issue, but also how much importance to attach to that issue from the amount of information in a news story and its position. In reflecting what candidates are saying during a campaign, the mass media may well determine the important issues—that is, the media may set the â€Å"agenda† of the campaign.† McCombs and Shaw went on to write on agenda setting at great length, the have produced many articles and research on the various facets of the theory. Since their introduction of this theory there has been a plethora ofShow MoreRelatedUses And Gratification : Magic Bullet And Hypodermic Needle Theory2479 Words   |  10 Pages Uses and Gratification (UG) theory is an audience-centered and approach that focuses on what media consumers do with media rather than what media does to people. Unlike Magic Bullet/Hypodermic Needle Theory, which implies the media have powerful, direct and immediate effect on its audience members. In other words, UG theory suggests individuals select media content actively as opposed to passively influenced by the overwhelming media messages. The theory is under socio-psychological becauseRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1172 Words   |  5 Pagesa parade. Since this catastrophic event there have been numerous theories, conspiracies, and speculations as to what actually happened that day. Some believe in a theory as to which a single bullet fired from Lee Harvey Oswald performed a magical trajectory route to hit both the president and Texas Gov. John Connally. While there are plenty of theories of what happened that day, the most prominent and likely is the lone gunman theory which exhibits Lee Harvey Oswald firing three shots hitting theRead More Manipulation of Truth in Oliver Stones JFK Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesdirecting, Stone is able to make an audience believe whatever he wishes. In the 1991 film JFK, Oliver Stone manipulates facts in order to convey a fictional conspiracy involving the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The Zapruder film and the magic bullet theory are two facts that Stone employs to trick the audience into believing his fabricated tale. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stone unfolds this film through the eyes of Jim Garrison, the district attorney of New Orleans, who believes that thereRead MoreHypodermic Needle Theory1128 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscusses the Hypodermic Needle Theory – its history, key concepts and criticism. As the theory suggests direct and immediate effect of mass media to its audience, a social phenomenon called ‘copycat crimes’ is analyzed through its lens. The criticisms and ambiguities of the hypodermic needle theory are used to formulate a new theory believed to be more applicable and accurate to social issues and media awareness at present. The theory named Bulletproof Audience Theory suggests that viewers are indirectlyRead MoreHow Media Influences The Minds Of All Who Consume It1569 Words   |  7 Pageshave differing theories on how the media influences the minds of all who consume it, and it is impossible to tell which theory is correct. However most theorists agree that one theory may fit one audience member, but not the other. For example, one viewer watching a program such as 60 Minutes or A Current Affair may believe everything being said wholeheartedly and without interpretation, however another might be skeptical or decide to research the story for themselves. The three theories that are prominentRead MoreAssassination of John F Kennedy1119 Words   |  5 Pagesstunned by a horrific incident that has forever changed the view of the events that occurred during this day. While our President was riding a convertible motorcade down Elm Street in Dealey Plaza, Texas he was abruptly struck by two penetrating bullets in the upper back and head. Our 35th President of the United States of America had been fatally assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald, a sniper from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository Building. However, did Lee Harvey Oswald, a crazyRead MoreEssay about The Kennedy Assination: A Conspiracy?1226 Words   |  5 PagesKenne dy’s death, contradicting the Warren Commission’s theory. However, the HSCA could not prove that someone other than Oswald may have assassinated the president. What the HSCA could do however, was to prove that there were flaws in the evidence that the Warren Commission used to formulate their theory about Oswald being the lone assassin of JFK. A major part to the Warren Commission’s theory was the three bullet idea, in which the first bullet supposedly passed through Kennedy’s neck and then causedRead MoreEssay on Oswald Didnt Kill Kennedy1600 Words   |  7 PagesHill), and not from the Texas School Book Depositary. The number and timing of the bullets fired again prove that Oswald, acting alone, did not kill President Kennedy. Oswald also could not possibly have had the opportunity to shoot President Kennedy, and the rifle in question could not have been used by Oswald in the assassination. Countless witnesses of the assassination say that the direction of the bullets came not from the Texas School Book Depository, as was stated in the Warren Commission’sRead More The Impact of My Favorite Form of Media in Mass Communication1545 Words   |  7 Pagesrecord it. It conglomerates my love of sustenance and travel at the same time. 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Definition of Descent With Modification

Descent with modification refers to the passing on of traits from parent organisms to their offspring. This passing on of traits is known as heredity, and the basic unit of heredity is the gene. Genes are the blueprints for making an organism, and, as such, hold information about its every conceivable aspect: its growth, development, behavior, appearance, physiology, and reproduction. Heredity and Evolution According to Charles Darwin, all species descended from only a few lifeforms that had been modified over time. This descent with modification, as he called it, forms the backbone of his Theory of Evolution, which posits that the development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time is how certain species evolve. How It Works The passing on of genes is not always exact. Parts of the blueprints may be copied incorrectly, or in the case of organisms that undergo sexual reproduction, genes of one parent are combined with the genes of another parent organism. That is why children are not exact carbon copies of either of their parents. There are three basic concepts that are helpful in clarifying how descent with modification works: Genetic mutationIndividual (or natural) selectionEvolution of the population (or species as a whole) It is important to understand that genes and individuals do not evolve, only populations as a whole evolve. The process looks like this: Genes mutate and those mutations have consequences for the individuals within a species. Those individuals either thrive or die out due to their genetics. As a result, populations change (evolve) over time. Clarifying Natural Selection Many students confuse natural selection with descent with modification, so its worth repeating, and further clarifying, that natural selection is part of the process of evolution, but not the process itself. Natural selection comes into play, according to Darwin, when a species as a whole adapts to its environment, thanks to its specific genetic makeup. Say at some point in time two species of wolves lived in the Arctic: those with short, thin fur and those with long, thick fur. Those wolves with long, thick fur were genetically capable of living in the cold. Those with short, thin fur were not. Therefore, those wolves whose genetics allowed them to live successfully in their environment lived longer, bred more frequently, and passed on their genetics. They were naturally selected to thrive. Those wolves who were not genetically adapted to the cold eventually died out. Furthermore, natural selection doesnt create variation or give rise to new genetic traits—it selects for the genes already present in a population. In other words, the Arctic environment in which our wolves lived did not prompt a series of genetic traits that didnt already live in certain of the wolf individuals. New genetic strains are added to a population through mutation and horizontal gene transmission—e.g., the mechanism by which bacteria become immune to certain antibiotics—not natural selection. For instance, a bacterium inherits a gene for antibiotic resistance and therefore has a greater chance of survival. Natural selection then spreads that resistance through the population, forcing scientists to come up with a new antibiotic.

African Americans Should Get Reparations For Enslaving...

One of the main issues that Americans have been debating about for years is whether African Americans should get reparations for enslaving some of their ancestors 200 years ago. In an article written by Mychal Massie, it provided some historical background and information about how slavery was started in the United States and how Americans tried to eliminate it. Massie stated, The United States didn t invent slavery, which gave a point to ponder about who started it. Though American ships were carrying the slaves, whites were not the ones who ran through the forest to capture black men and women. Furthermore, Americans were not the only ones who practiced slavery back then. The article also emphasizes the fact that it was not only African Americans who suffered at the time. There was a compensation already paid when, White college students were murdered supporting Dr. King, where more than 600,000 Americans died to pay the price for America s sin of slavery. Additionally, slavery did not abstain African Americans to be successful and wealthy in America today. In my opinion, I agree with most of the statements that the writer had pointed out throughout the ar ticle. I think Mychal Massie had some good points about clearing up the reason why it not necessary for Americans to pay reparations to those of enslaved African descent. He mentioned how Whites were involved in emancipating slaves and passing the Civil Rights Act by endangering their own lives. Moreover, he

Relationship Between Grace And Crystal - 1566 Words

She was a young girl with dark red lipstick, wavy hair, and kind of bossy. Her favourite hobby is really nothing. She loved to hang out with her best friend who was Crystal. Crystal was a nice young skinny girl who was really good in her studies. Grace was 14 and Crystal was 13 a year younger than Grace. Grace and Crystal both go to Hunt Middle School, and they love it there. Crystal used to get straight A’s in her classes. Grace she gets C’s but only in daily grades she gets B’s. Right you might guess that then why would Crystal be friends with Grace well they know each other since childhood because of Crystal’s mom and Grace’s mom. Grace lives with her mom and her 5 year old brother. She gets so frustrated by her brother because he’s so†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" Yeah no problem Crystal† Grace told her mom that Crystal is coming over so Stacy and Grace got out snacks and drinks. They cleaned up the house and it was looking neat and clean. â€Å"Hey that is not fair mom Grace can call her friends and I can’t† James angrily said. â€Å" James you are too young you are only 5 you have to be at least 10 years old for me to allow you to call your friends and I’m sure that there parents won’t allow too† Stacy explained softly. â€Å" No fair, but you have to let me have some snacks† â€Å" Fine now go into your room take some snacks but not a lot, Crystal is almost going to be here† â€Å" Yay snacks my favourite† James goes to his room and peacefully eats his snacks. â€Å" Mom Crystal is here I will go and get the door† Grace merrily said to her mom. â€Å" Yeah I will go into my room to sleep so if you guys feel like eating the snacks you can take them from the kitchen and have fun† â€Å" Thanks mom I will† Crystal comes into the house and they go up to GraceÅ› room to talk softly. â€Å" So I have something to tell you real urgent† Crystal hesitantly said. â€Å" WhatÅ› so urgent?† Grace asked her. â€Å" Well I got suspended from school† â€Å"WHAT no way how did that happen?† â€Å" I was taking the science test and I didn t have an eraser so I asked the kid next to me for one and the teacher thought I was cheating† â€Å"Crystal if youÅ•e suspended Iá ¸ ¿ suspended too, I can’t go to school without you† â€Å" Grace wait wait wait,Show MoreRelatedRelationship Between Grace And Crystal1541 Words   |  7 Pagesto hang out with her best friend who was Crystal. 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The sole purpose of the present research paper is to evaluate the power relationsRead MoreTemptation and Transgresions in Anthem by Ayn Rand1009 Words   |  4 Pagesthe book, Prometheus continues down this path of wrongdoings, on which he discovers and studies electricity, leading to the belief that he is capable of contributing to society in greater ways than those provided for him by the council, pursues a relationship with Gaea, along with countless other examples. However, each individual transgression of Prometheus had a single trait in common: They were all triggered by basic human nature, as each was committed with the subconscious and instinctive desireRead MoreEssay on Pros and Cons of Social Media875 Words   |  4 Pagessign language and written language. Nowadays, we’ve taken socializing to a whole new level. We’ve constructed a form of typed language with the given name, social networking. 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Barba Nikos uses his body language to show his respect to his own Greek culture

Reproductive Technologies Free Essays

Reproductive Technologies Introduction Twenty years ago, the only reproductive technologies available to infertile couples were artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization. Since that time, there has been an increase of reproductive technologies, and a multitude of options are now available to those couples who are infertile. Infertility affects ten percent of men and women. We will write a custom essay sample on Reproductive Technologies or any similar topic only for you Order Now One in six Canadian couples is infertile. To overcome infertility many couples have chosen the path of reproducing artificially using reproductive technologies. Reproductive technologies are a term referring to methods used to achieve pregnancy by artificial or partially artificial means. They help improve a couple’s chance of conceiving and carrying a child to term. The Canadian government had recognized the importance of reproductive technology and created the Bill C-13 which was introduced into the House of Commons on October 9th, 2002. This act is respecting assisted reproduction and related research. Attempts at the first non-human embryo transfer date back to the 1980’s. Improvements and discoveries over the following decades lead to the first successful IVF births in 1959 in rabbits by a Chinese scientist. The first human in vitro pregnancy was achieved in Australia in 1973, but it resulted in an early miscarriage. Louise Brown was the first baby conceived through in vitro fertilization. She was born on July 25, 1978, in Oldham, England. Dr. Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe had been researching fertility methods since 1968 that included artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization. In vitro fertilization is the most common type reproductive technology. This process involves s man’s sperm and the women’s eggs being collected and combined in a laboratory dish. The embryo is then transferred to the women’s uterus. One cycle of IVF costs on average $12, 400. It has a success rate of approximately twenty eight to thirty five percent. Artificial insemination or intrauterine insemination is another reproductive technique. A sample of sperm is directly injected into a women’s uterus. This allows the sperm to be screened for genetic disorders. The success rate is approximately five to twenty five percent. A new development in IVF is in vitro maturation. Immature eggs are collected from the ovary and ripened outside the women’s body. They are then fertilized through IVF. This treatment is suitable for women who cannot produce mature eggs. IVM has a success rate up to thirty percent. Technology is not the only type of fertility treatment for infertile couples. Couples may also take fertility drugs. Women can take these drugs to act hormones for women who aren’t producing eggs properly. Fertility drugs can range from fifty dollars to five thousand, depending on the type of treatment. Though reproductive technology helps infertile couples conceive, it also has its setbacks. Risks with reproductive technologies include bleeding or infection, birth defects, increased risk of cancer physical and financial stress and the chances of miscarriages at twenty percent. Key Questions How has reproductive technologies affected fertility? Reproductive technologies have increased fertility. Couples who are unable to have children can now do so due to assisted reproductive technologies. It has provided happiness and hope for couples who were first deemed as infertile. Reproductive technologies have also helped same sex couples of having children. Women can conceive through donated sperm through in vitro fertilization or through artificial insemination. Also men can have children through a surrogate who can conceive with the multitude of reproductive technologies. Couples who settle down later in life with lower fertility rates can still have children with assisted reproductive technologies. What issue has arisen from assisted reproductive technologies? Reproductive technologies have caused an ethical dilemma. Many individuals do not believe that using technology is proper to have children. The Catholic Church does not support reproductive technologies. The church regards these procedures as dehumanization and depersonalization of reproducing. Many believe that children should come into being as a direct result of sexual intercourse of the parents, where they are accepted as a ‘gift’ and blessing and not as a ‘product’ of doctors. Technology can be used to assist the fertility of a couple’s sexual act, but it should never replace it. Is reproductive technology negatively or positively affecting couples? Reproductive technologies are positively affecting couples. Couples can fulfill their wish of having children. There are many forms of reproductive technologies to help address every couple with conceiving a child. However, the couple’s family view on reproductive technology can negatively affect them. If a couple comes from a family who does not believe in having a child through technology that can put great stress on the couple. The couple would not like to go against their family’s belief but still would like a child. Their family could tell them to wait and have a child naturally which could result the couple to further decrease their chances of conceiving. Will there be more types of reproductive technologies in the future? With technology constantly changing and new items being brought out every few years, it could be likely for different types of reproductive technologies to be discovered. As technology keeps growing, we are constantly coming up with new ways to do things. With advanced technology we are likely to find new ways to help couples to conceive a child. Will fertile couples use reproductive technologies to have children? Fertile couples may use reproductive technologies to have children. With men and women fully establishing their careers before settling and having children they may not have the time to raise children in the earlier stages of their relationship. When they are ready to they could use reproductive technologies to speed the process of having children. ASP Connections Anthropologists would look at the point of view of cultures toward reproductive technology. They would see the beliefs and opinions of a culture and how the society develops based on reproductive technology. The school of thought theory that relates to this is cultural materialism. Cultural Materialism is based on the idea that the true explanation of a culture can be derived by examining members decisions regarding human reproduction and economic production This connects to reproductive technologies because it is based on the idea that the true explanation of a culture can only be taken by examining member’s decision regarding human reproduction. It also believes in that the type of technology that is adopted by a culture determines what type of society they develop in. A culture could be fine regarding couple using technology to help them conceive or they could be against it because the child is not conceived naturally. Anthropologists could ask; how reproductive technology is viewed in cultures and groups and does other cultures belief influences another’s? Sociologist would explain reproductive technology as something that is helping society grow. Reproductive technology is helping infertile couples have children, therefore growing their society and economy. These children will grow up and help our economy by buying items and replacing workers who are retiring. The school of thought theory that relates to reproductive technologies is Neo-Marxism. Neo-Marxism relates to reproductive technology because it looks specifically to economic power to see the various ways in which it influences society. All aspects of reproductive technology are very expensive. If a wealthy couple is infertile they can easily go to reproductive technology and undergo the treatments. For a couple who are lower or middle class it will be harder for them to afford the treatments. The wealthy have more power to easily access anything they need. Sociologist could ask whether reproductive technologies are positively or negatively affecting society and if only the wealthy make up the most users of reproductive technology? Psychologists would focus on the behaviour of the individuals who know reproductive technology. They would find out personal opinions on how reproductive technologies are changing society. They would also look at individual reactions of couples who are undergoing reproductive technology. They would see how their emotions are to failure rates of reproductive technologies and success rates. The school of thought theory that relates to reproductive technologies is behaviourism. Behaviourism focuses on childhood experiences and the practises parents use to raise their children. If a child grows up in a family that follows religious beliefs and one of those beliefs is having children the natural way then that will affect their emotions and behaviour towards reproductive technology. An individual may be hesitant in accepting reproductive technology as a method of conceiving and fear what their family may think of them. Questions that a psychologist could ask is if family values affect an individual’s behaviour toward reproductive technology and are individual thoughts toward reproductive technology positive or negative? Case Study Obstetrics and Gynaecologists at the University Hospital in Ghent, Belgium completed a case-control study of all pregnancies obtained with assisted reproduction technology in the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium from 1992 until 1997 to investigate differences in peripartum obstetric events and the prenatal outcome. They studied three thousand fifty-seven singleton and 1241 twin pregnancies were studied. About 90% of pregnancies resulted from in vitro fertilization; the remainder resulted from intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Control subjects were selected from a regional register and were matched for maternal age, parity, fetal sex, plurality, and date of delivery. The main outcome measures were duration of gestation, birth weight, prenatal death, prenatal morbidity, incidence of congenital malformations, and incidence of caesarean delivery. The results were odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 2. 6 (1. 4-4. 8) for prenatal mortality, 3. 5 (2. 2-5. 7) for birth before 33 weeks of gestation, and 1. 7 (1. 5-1. 9) for caesarean delivery in singleton pregnancies that resulted after in vitro fertilization. Twin pregnancies obtained with in vitro fertilization, were similar for all outcome measures, except for the incidence of caesarean delivery (odds ratio, 1. 4; 95% confidence interval, 1. 2-1. ) compared with spontaneously conceived twin pregnancies. The prenatal outcome of singleton pregnancies obtained with in vitro fertilization is significantly worse than that of spontaneously conceived pregnancies, mainly because of the increased rate of preterm birth. The outcome of twin pregnancies obtained with in vitro fertilization is comparable with that of normally conceived twins. For both singleton and twin pregnancies obtained with in vitro fertilization, the incidence of caesarean delivery is increased. This is important to reproductive technologies because it shows that using reproductive technologies could cause defects in children and having more children than intended. Bibliography (No author) At Issue: Human Reproductive Technology. (n. d. ). SIRS Issues Researcher. Retrieved October 12, 2012, from sks. sirs. com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display? id=S200008707-0-6416artno=0000307357type=ARTshfilter=Ukey=title=At%20Issue%3A%20Human%20Reproductive%20Technologyres=Yren=Ngov=Ylnk=Nic=N (No author) Louise Brown. (2012). Biography. com. Retrieved 07:50, Oct 28, How to cite Reproductive Technologies, Papers

Creative Title For All Quiet On The Western Front Essay Example For Students

Creative Title For All Quiet On The Western Front Essay Mental abuse is sometimes overlooked, because of the rough physical abuse, but soldiers see a good side of both during wars. Maria Remarque shows the mental part of abuse on the book All Quiet on the Western Front. The narrator discusses all the hard times that went on during World War I, all through the book. Paul Baumer, the narrator, explains it when he and his friends enter the German army, very deeply although he is only eighteen. Baumer tells a story about fighting for their own sanity as well as their country. As the war begun, he and his friends got an real look at what the war was truly about. This book shows the conflict coming during the actual war, the boys use their spirits to try to overcome it. But the mind against reality that is described in the books, gives them a reality check on how life really is. During the beginning of the book, Remarque explains the boys job, relating it to how hard it is to be in the war. Their was always something, not getting much sleep, relieving the front line, and they also didnt have much to eat. What was going to happen, is described good by the way that the author talked about the life of the soldiers, but the boys failed to realize reality. Thinking that the war was just an ideal character. Convincing the reader to believe the boys didnt know the risk they were taking by being in this war. They way the boys viewed it, shows that, true their are some hard times in wars, but their minds are young and they thought it was just another thing to talk about. When they should have been taking things more serious, but thinking about the good parts helped them to keep a hold on their sanity. They ought to have been mediators and guides to the world of maturity, the world of work, of duty, of culture, of progress to the future, was the beliefs of the boys af ter their friend Behn dies. Their generation thought that the authorities were going to look after, and take care of them, the authorities were thought of real highly by them. Until their friend passed away, then everything changed. We had to realize that our generation was more to be trusted than theirs, this is where they came to reality that, everybody was taking care of their selves, and didnt want anything to do with other peoples problems. Letting the reader see the transition of the boys beliefs, and also their inturputation of war as it should be looked at. The boys whole outlook on life and the world started changing after that moment. They thought less about fighting for their country, and more about how things will be when peace finally arrives. .We were all at once terribly alone; and alone we must see it though, this was how they separated the true away from the false after Behn died. Explaining how the boys looked at war, showed the understanding of what must be done in order for them to survive, and also how it must be done. After a while the understood that they were basically on their own, and that no one was going to help them. Before the boys had their mothers to depend on, and they rarely look at the future, at this point it was nothing but the war. We had suddenly learned to see! Was letting the reader know that they were understanding how the world really is. In saying this Paul let the reader know how his beliefs changed, and that the struggles of keeping their minds straight was over. Because they finally began to see everything clear and how it should be looked at. .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 , .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 .postImageUrl , .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 , .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18:hover , .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18:visited , .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18:active { border:0!important; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18:active , .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18 .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u13f5f2320899a194613e88a6f657dc18:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Indivisible Elements of Meta Physics EssayDescribing all that they went through just to get into the army, Remarque lets the reader know that the authorities took advantage of the minds and the egos of the soldiers. Simply by saying, We became soldiers with eagerness and enthusiasm, but they have done everything to knock that out of us. The conflict becomes big after this is said, because the soldiers had their minds already set, thinking that they were good soldiers. But the commanders broke their egos down quickly to make sure that they didnt get too high. Fight to keep their high egos or give in and go along with the way authorities wanted them to be, were the only two choices that the soldiers had. In conclusion, this has good examples of the mind against reality and the conflicts that come along with them, and Remarque describes them well. But the story wasnt to mainly just look at the conflicts, but to get a look at the war from Germanys side. Although the conflict does help the reader to understand the book and the message from it. Hopefully people will see that war is the same on both sides, and that someone is going to get hurt whether their side wins or loses. The author showed a look at war, in reality, and not sugar coated, and he also did it in a interesting way. This is a very good book, and it will be excellent for anyone who wants to understand the entire meaning of war and not just bits and pieces. I have seen war on land and sea. I have seen blood running from the wounded..I have seen the dead in the mud. I have seen cities destroyed.I have seen children starving. I have seen the agony of mothers and wives. Author unknownBibliography:

Twelfth Night and Viola Essay Example For Students

Twelfth Night and Viola Essay This essay is about the character of Viola, her situation in Illyria, her importance in Twelfth Night, Shakespeares use of language, the themes of love, loyalty and revenge in Twelfth Night, and about the play as a whole. Shakespeare and his language There is a Chinese saying; There is nothing new under the sun. This is certainly true with Shakespeares play Twelfth Night, as it is merely a plagiarism of another play. Perhaps the only part of the play that Shakespeare can take credit for is the Sir Toby, Maria and Malvolio sub-plot, although it has not been proven that he actually wrote this himself, he may also have plagiarised this from a less well known play. There has been speculation that he may not have written any plays, and that he either plagiarised them all or had a ghost writer. However, the themes within the play are as relevant today as they were during his era. A general rule in Shakespeares plays is that high status characters speak verse, and low-status characters speak prose. However, this rule is often broken in Twelfth Night as Viola frequently switches between verse and prose. Therefore, a more accurate rule for Twelfth Night is that prose is the style for comic scenes and characters, and verse is the style for lovers and serious moments. Although, it is widely known that Shakespeare never stuck rigidly to any rule! Shakespeare used dramatic irony as a source of great amusement in Twelfth Night. One example of this is when Viola is speaking to Olivia and she says I am not what I am (Twelfth Night, Act 3, Scene 1, Line 26). Olivia is unaware of the full significance of Violas words, whereas Viola and the audience realise that she is hinting at her disguise. Shakespeare also uses personification, similes and metaphors in Twelfth Night. A good example for this is a conversation with Duke Orsino where all three are used.

5 Strategies for Writing University Assignment Within the Limited Time

5 Strategies for Writing University Assignment Within the Limited Time 5 Strategies for Writing University Assignment Within the Limited Time Time is an enemy for many students who study at college or university. It takes them a long time to make a report or write a coursework. What to say about exams when the time is limited? No educator will wait for the moment when a source of inspiration, time and the desire for an assignment will appear. It is supposed to be written and submitted to an instructor on a due date or within specific time. The question is how to succeed in performing successfully all of them and not to flunk out. It doesn’t matter whether you find yourself in such a situation because of huge tones of work on your shoulders or simply because of procrastination. What matters is how you use the limited time to tackle a college assignment effectively. 1.   Stay Calm According to the research study, anxiety during such stressful events as exams or tests is the main cause of students’ inability to achieve acceptable results. Don’t allow your fears to fail such an important stage in life to graduate from university. If you experience anxiety, mindfulness and relaxation strategies can help you improve low test performance and reduce anxious feelings. Don’t panic even if you feel the time pressure is too much. Stay calm and start working on assignments. 2.   Read Through Assignments Carefully Whether it’s a last minute assignment or an exam, reading through the questions helps you understand what is required. Even with the limited amount of time, don’t rush to answer a question. Use the first few minutes to read each question carefully without replying it. Look for keywords in each question and circle or underline them. There are words that should guide you on how you are supposed to answer questions. However, you should always have in mind that time is of the essence so don’t take too much time on this. This should only take up to a maximum of 5 minutes. The examples of some keywords that you should be on the lookout for include: outline; highlight; discuss; compare; contrast; illustrate; state; explain; elaborate. 3.   Start with Easy Questions The major reason why most students fail to complete their exams is simply due to the fact that they waste too much time thinking about what they don’t know rather than focusing on what they already know. Don’t run out of time whereas you have easy questions unanswered. According to BTPS Testing, a test preparation program, starting with easy question helps to: increase your chances of scoring higher in the assignment/exam; save time which is essential when you have limited time; help in boosting self-confidence; help you remember. 4.   Prioritize Your Tasks Take note of the marks awarded to each and every question and this will give you an idea of how many points you can earn. Needless to say, complex questions are assessed higher than simple ones. Besides, questions that assess special knowledge and skills are given higher points than questions that assess common knowledge. Try to concentrate on a task that guarantees you to get high marks. 5.   Plan Your Answers As the saying goes â€Å"Failing to plan is planning to fail†. When you have limited time to do an assignment you can save a lot of time if you plan your answers. At MyCollegeSuccess real students share their effective tips how to deal with college assignments. For example, Adrianne W. recommends that the main ideas should be outlined in a scratch of paper or jotted down with a faint pencil on the question paper. When it comes to writing down answers you you just need to spell out details. Save each minute that is essential when you are in the last minute rush. Whether it’s a heavy workload or simply your ignorance, you need to know several tricks so that you won’t succumb to the pressure of writing assignments within the limited time. One more effective way is to apply our custom assignment writing service to get high-quality paper samples from our qualified academic writers. We are open to you 24/7 so that you can achieve high results in writing even within short timeframes.

Media and Adolescent Sexuality Essays

Media and Adolescent Sexuality Essays Media and Adolescent Sexuality Essay Media and Adolescent Sexuality Essay The media has undergone a great transformation over the past 15-20 years and there are numerous sexually charged forms of media that target our younger generation. Part of the adolescent development is the formation of sexual beliefs and patterns of behavior. During this development period the adolescent is very impressionable and the information they receive from various means (parents, family members, friends, teachers, the community and the media, etc. ) is what the adolescent uses to develop their personal sexual beliefs and personal patterns of behavior. With all of the media readily available, adolescents are exposed to sexual content at a much earlier age then previously. The impact of this exposure will be discovered and reported in this research paper. The topic that I have researched is â€Å"Media and Adolescent Sexuality†. For the purpose of this paper â€Å"media† will entail television, music, magazines and the World Wide Web. I have seen a great transformation of media over the years and have noticed the numerous sexually charged forms of media that target our younger generation. Often these forms of media contain homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual references and sexually explicit references. With all of the media readily available, do the media have an impact on adolescent sexuality? Part of the adolescent development is the formation of sexual beliefs and patterns of behavior. During this development period the adolescent is very impressionable and the information received is what is used to develop their personal sexual beliefs and personal patterns of behavior. The information they receive may come from their parents, family members, teachers, the community, the media, etc. As a senior high school Sunday school teacher at my church, I often times lead discussions to provoke the youth to think critically about their experiences and the choices that they make. The discussion is always supported biblically, as the bible is the reference used to support why certain choices should be made or not. I find it interesting to hear from the youth during these discussions because they share exactly what they feel and also what they experience. These discussion are very open and leads many of them to ask questions that they may not feel comfortable asking their parents. Many of the discussions involve the various forms of media they watch and listen to and their thoughts of these forms of media based on the bible lessons we review. In taking a close look at the impact of television, the fist form of media to be discussed, I found interesting information documented from surveys which depict the time spent watching television by adolescents. â€Å"In the United States, young people spend 6 to 7 hours each day on average with some form of media. A national survey in 1999 found that one third of young children (2 to 7 years old) and two thirds of older children and adolescents (8 to 18 years old) have a television in their own bedroom. Many of those televisions also are hooked up to cable and a Videocassette Recorder (VCR)† (Roberts, 2000). The time reported, on the survey, that adolescents watch television is high. This amount of time watching television exposes these adolescents to age inappropriate content. Also, with cable television being a constant and always available, this too increases the exposure to age inappropriate content. There are parents who do not monitor what their children watch on television, thus many parents are unaware of the potential harm exposed to their children. Even the channels that are supposed to be age appropriate, such as Nickelodeon and the Disney Channel contain questionable content. Both Nickelodeon and the Disney Channel have programs that contain dating and kissing scenes. Typically young adolescents (8-12) are not interested in the opposite sex but still consider them gross or view them as possessing â€Å"coodees† or germs. The television programs today are not as they were when I was an adolescent. I can remember watching programs like â€Å"Happy Days†, â€Å"Laverne and Shirley† and â€Å"Good Times†. Figure 1 depicts three programs from another television era. Figure 1: Laverne Shirley, Three Company and Good Times â€Å"Happy Days† and â€Å"Good Times† where programs that contained the traditional family unit (Male/Father and Female/Mother). These shows portrayed the everyday lives of the typical family. There were no sexual scenes and if I remember correct, the only type of kiss displayed was between the husband and the wife and was a â€Å"lip touch† kiss not a French kiss. Laverne and Shirley† was a show that portrayed two young women as roommates that hung out with two male friends. These two programs portrayed the everyday lives of the traditional family and young adults. Another program that I remember watching that was the first of its kind; was â€Å"Three’s Company†. This program went against what was considered â€Å"the norm† at that time and for some people was considered â€Å"radical†. The radical tag was due to the storyline. The storyline was a male that was a roommate with three attractive women. The landlord would not allow the group to rent the room together because they were not the same gender so the male in the group, â€Å"Jack Tripper†, pretended to be gay. This was the first portrayal that I can remember of a gay person on television. There are no programs today which air at prime time, that are suitable, based on age appropriateness, for children to watch. The programs today contain profanity, sexually explicit scenes, same gender relationships, children out of wedlock and other forms of human sexuality that are not age appropriate for adolescents. For families that do not monitor what their children watch on television, the adolescents are exposed to content that may impact their decisions on human sexuality. â€Å"One content analysis found that sexual content that ranged from flirting to sexual intercourse had increased from slightly more than half of television programs in 1997-1998 to more than two-thirds of the programs in the 1999-2000 season. Depiction of intercourse (suggestive or explicit) occurred in one of every 10 programs† (Kunkel et al. , 2001). With all of the sexual content aired on television, â€Å"only about 1 in 10 of the programs on television that include sexual content mentions the possible consequences or the need to use contraceptives or protection against STDs. Unintended pregnancies rarely are shown as the outcome of unprotected sex and STDs other than HIV/AIDS are almost never discussed† (Kunkel et al. , 2001). â€Å"Abortion is a taboo topic, too controversial for commercial television and magazines (Walsh-Childers et al. , 2002). † With the number of hours reported that adolescents watch television on a daily basis, a great deal of sexual content is viewed. Without having full understanding of their human sexuality, adolescents often times are misconstrued and make inappropriate choices. In addition to the programs that are aired on television, there are a host of advertisements by means of commercials. Commercials are used to advertise products and services and many of these advertisements employ sex to sell products. I have witnessed how advertisements for selling toilet paper have even become sensual. The use of animals is one example of how advertisements lure the adolescent in to watch the commercial while sending subliminal sensual messages. The types of products advertised on television are more sexual now than when I was younger, as there were no products for sex on television. Today, there is a commercial that airs quite often, and not always during primetime, that advertises lubricant used for sex. In the commercial there is a couple (probably not married) in bed. The music used in the commercial is used to create the imagery of â€Å"intense sex†. This commercial is too sexual for television but yet it is aired without the thought that adolescents may view it or is it? The second form of media is music. Music today is twofold, as it is heard and can also be viewed on television music channels. Adolescents are drawn to music so channels such as VH1 and MTV are watched mostly by adolescents. Music videos portrayal of women is very negative, as women are portrayed as sex objects, are usually provocatively dressed and perform lewd sexual dances. Some of these entertainers are minors themselves marketing to those who are both younger and older than them. The impact of the music videos shown on television has is immense on the adolescent mind. The power of influence is great and is a danger to adolescent girls who aspire to be like their favorite music stars. The impact of the power of influence these entertainers have on adolescent girls is seen in their behavior and dress. The adolescent girls dress is more sexual; make up is worn at a much younger age and the age of their first sexual encounter is younger than previous years. â€Å"One fifth to one half of music videos, depending on the music genre (e. g. , country, rock, rap) portray sexuality or eroticism† (DuRant et al. , 1997). This exposure depicts sex as a way to be popular and happy. However, this exposure has the potential to permanently impact the adolescent as they grow up thinking that sex is something that everybody does if they are to fit in. Sexually explicit videos create imagery in the minds of the adolescent so it is not a surprise when young people act out what they have been exposed to on television. Experimenting with sex has become a rite of passage for many adolescents and not just heterosexual sex but bisexuality is on the rise in both genders. Sex is no longer viewed as sacred but casual sex is portrayed as the way to live and not the â€Å"wait until you are married† phrase that was taught. Casual sex is viewed as something that â€Å"everyone† is doing, especially with the common break ups of couples in the music (and entertainment) industry. What was once thought to be â€Å"out of the ordinary† is now viewed as the social norm amongst society. Television music channels air commercials for condoms, STDs, HIV, etc. , however do not equally air commercial for abstinence. Sexually explicit programming and advertising is a detriment to the self-esteem of the adolescent. Young girls and boys strive to attain the bodies of their teen idols (entertainers, models and actresses) and many of those that are idolized have undergone cosmetic surgery, thus making it impossible for the youth to have these perfect bodies. Seeing idols like Brittney Spears dating different men, being married, dressing like a vixen, being photographed by paparazzi wearing no underwear and the list goes on- young girls see this as positive because Brittney Spears is in a position of influence. The picture below of Britney Spears depicts an example of the provocative dress of a â€Å"teen idol† that many adolescent girls admire and want to be like. The third form of media is the magazine. Some of the popular women magazines are now crafted for the adolescent girls and there are magazines that originated with the adolescent girl in mind. When paging through the magazines, some of the same sexual ads are in the women magazines as in the magazines for young girls. Also found are articles about sex. Although teen girls and womens magazines, such as Seventeen and Glamour have increased their coverage of sexual health issues over the past decade, the majority of advertising and editorial content in these magazines remains focused on what girls and women should do to get and keep their man† (Walsh-Childers, Gotthoffer, Lepre, 2002). The clothing advertised is very grown up looking and most of the print advertisements contain models posing in sexual poses for the came ra. Sometimes girl models are positioned very close to one another, which make wonder if they are homosexual. Perhaps this is considered suggestive advertisement. Magazine ads and covers contain provocative poses and some nudity. Magazine covers like this are intentional, as â€Å"sex sells†. Parents waiting to check out in the supermarket may be embarrassed when their children are present, if there has not been open communication regarding sex. Below is an advertisement for Calvin Klein and two magazine covers which clears depicts sexual content on the magazine cover and in the advertisement. Figure 3: Sexual Messages in Advertising Sexual content in mass media has been around as long as mass media itself,’’ Arizona State professor Mary-Lou Galician, a researcher, author and media literacy advocate says. The difference is the proliferation of it. We live in a 24/7 media world now. Take, as an example, the exploitation of Britney Spears, who is literally pulling off her clothes during her performances. Her real talent lies in being an objectified image. And it is an imag e, by extension, of our country around the world. ’’ (Galician, July 17, 2010) The final form of media to be discussed is the World Wide Web. Easy access to the World Wide Web or the internet, as most say, has increased â€Å"access† to inappropriate forms of media. Incredibly, all forms of media may be accessed by way of the internet. Although sexually explicit forms of media have been in existence years, the propagation of this type of has changed, as it is easily accessible through the internet. Adolescents using the internet to conduct research for school projects may, at times, lead to unwanted advertisements or inappropriate pictures. This is exploiting adolescents to unwanted content. An interview was conducted with three people asking the following five questions. Do you see a change in the sexual content of the media today compared to 10-15 years ago? If yes- then what kind of a change? What do you think about the sexual content of media? Do the media impact adolescents? If yes, how do the media impact adolescents? Below is a summary of the responses: After interviewing a select group of people, 100% say that there is a change in sexual content of the media today in comparison to 10-15 years ago. The kinds of changes reported in response of the survey question are as follows; Television commercials are now aired for medicines to treat sexual dysfunctions Television commercials for sexual enhancement products (KY-Gel) Television commercials that use sensuality to sell toilet paper There is more homosexual character on television shows Television reality shows have explicit sexual content and sexual scenes Television prime time is no longer family time due to sexual content on programs Daytime soaps contain high sexual content Disney and the Nickelodeon channels have more boy/girl dating. It seems like most of the shows are about girls thinking about boys. There is also a lot more hugging and kissing. Music videos today are very sexual. Some of the dancing resembles strip dances and the dress is too provocative for the young entertainers performing the dances. The sexual content of the media is too much for average viewing/listening. Some of the sexual content is too explicit. The music videos no longer sell music but it sells sex. Magazines for adolescents contain too many ads that are sexually laden. Internet is too easy to inadvertently access sexual content and allows sexual content to be available instantly. The overall thought about sexual content in media is that there is far too much. All survey participants agreed that media impact adolescents negatively. One of the participants shared that sometimes exposure is the only teacher and in this case, adolescents being exposed to sexually explicit music videos and television shows that contain a sex scene every few minutes or characters having sex with different partners is a bad example of how they should behave sexually. Adolescents deal with peer pressure from their friends. The more adolescents are exposed to, the more likely they will experiment in order to fit in with their peers. Based on my interviews and the following studies that have been conducted, the sexual content in the media is not only impacting the adolescents, but it also impacts society. â€Å"According to Cultivation Theory, television is the most powerful storyteller in the culture, one that continually repeats the myths and ideologies, the facts and patterns of relationships that define and legitimize the social order. According to the cultivation hypothesis, a steady dose of television, over time, acts like the pull of gravity toward an imagined center. This pull results in a shared set of conceptions and expectations about reality among otherwise diverse viewers† (Gerbner, Gross, Morgan, Signorelli, 1994). â€Å"Tests of the hypothesis have found, for example, that junior and senior high school students who frequently viewed daytime soap operas were more likely than those who watched less often to believe that single mothers have relatively easy lives, have good jobs, and do not live in poverty† (Larson, 996). â€Å"Exposure to stereotypical images of gender and sexuality in music videos has been found to increase older adolescents acceptance of nonmarital sexual behavior and interpersonal violence† (Greeson Williams, 1986; Kalof, 1999). â€Å"Heavier television viewers also have been found to have more negative attitudes toward remaining a virgin† (Courtright Baran, 1980). â€Å"Others have shown that prolonged exposure to erotica leads to exaggerated estimates of the prevalence of more unusual kinds of sexual activity (e. g. group sex, sadomasochistic practices, bestiality), less expectation of sexual exclusivity with partners, and apprehension that sexual inactivity constitutes a health risk† (Zillmann, 2000). â€Å"In one experimental study, college student who were exposed to about 5 hours of sexually explicit films over 6 weeks were more likely than a control group to express increased callousness toward women and trivialize rape as a criminal offense† (Zillmann Bryant, 1982). â€Å"Two correlational studies have found relationships between the frequency of television viewing and initiation of intercourse in samples of high school students. However, because these were only cross-sectional analyses, it was not possible to say with certainty which came firstthe TV viewing or the sexual behavior† (Brown Newcomer, 1991; Peterson, Moore, Furstenberg, 1991). Adolescents are easily influenced and unfortunately many adolescents have entertainers as their idols. Unfortunate again, is that many of the teen idols have sold out to the entertainment industry and promote their sexuality in order to sell their product. The type of sexual behavior exhibited by the music industry has great potential to influence the adolescent that is being overly exposed to this type of media. The media has taken an aggressive form of sexual explicitness. The adolescent of the past is no longer the adolescent of today. In the fact, that the adolescent of today is exposed to sexual content in a myriad of media. Adolescents that are exposed to media infiltrated with sexual content may tend to act out what they see. The social norm for sexuality has shifted and desensitization is occurring. This is evident based on the high sexual content in today’s media. Adolescents are challenged with their hormones and peer pressure. They do not need to be exposed to sexual content and further add to their challenges. One of the motives for intercourse in the adolescent is peer pressure, in the form of wanting to be recognized and wanting to be like their peers. With these motives, more pressure from the music videos, television, magazines and the internet are a detriment to the adolescent. It is imperative the parents keep an open line of communication with their adolescent, as it has been proven that the more the adolescent is informed about their sexuality by their parents, then the less likely the adolescent will fall prey to negative sexual behavior. I have friends that are about my age that have three children. They had their children earlier in their marriage, thus their children are older than mine. In sharing, the couple told me that they talk to their kids about everything including sex. They have shared their personal dating experiences with their children. What was interesting to me is that the husband shared that he showers his daughters with love, gifts and takes them on dates. He explained that with the way the world is today and the way young boys are not being taught how to treat a young lady, he wanted to be sure that he personally showed his daughters how they should be treated. His demonstration is first with his wife and then with them in conversation and taking them out. He opens the doors for them and points out how they should not allow themselves to be treated by a man. This was interesting to me because my thought is that if adolescent daughters had a father or male figure in her life exemplifying how a man should treat women, she would be confident as she got older and be able to easily identify the young men who were only interested in her only for sex. When his oldest daughter was a senior in high school, he purchased her a diamond ring and placed it on her wedding ring finger. He explained to her that whoever proposes to her had to at least match what he put on her finger. The wife told me that she explained to both of their daughters how precious they are. She explained to them that diamonds are precious and forever and that what was between their legs was â€Å"better than a diamond†. She told them that the person they chose to give their â€Å"better than a diamond† to should know how to take care of a precious gem and that it should be forever. This is one example of how communication can take place with adolescents to assist them with their self esteem and self worth. Communication is essential to combat the pressures experienced by adolescents. Having high self esteem and self worth will assist in transforming the mind of the adolescent into knowing that being exposed to the media’s high sexual content is not conducive to staying above the teen sexual statistics. Communication was a key factor in the interviews I conducted. In conclusion of â€Å"Media and Adolescent Sexuality†, part of the adolescent development is the formation of sexual beliefs and patterns of behavior. During this development period the adolescent is very impressionable and the information they receive from various means (parents, family members, friends, teachers, the community and the media, etc. ) is what the adolescent uses to develop their personal sexual beliefs and personal patterns of behavior. There have been research and studies conduct to show that media impacts adolescent sexuality. In my opinion, children have greater opportunity of being influenced to whatever they are exposed to, be it positive or negative behavior. In the bible Proverbs 22:6 says â€Å"Train up a child in the way he should go, And when he is old he will not depart from it† (Nelson, Thomas Inc. (1997). What we teach our children is the way they should go, thus it is imperative to teach the adolescent what is right and maintain open communication with them ensuring that the right information regarding human sexuality is shared, otherwise the adolescent will form their behaviors based on the information they receive and with media being a large part of our society they will be exposed to sexual content in a large amount of their everyday lives.